All References

abs	Return the element-by-element absolute value(s) of X.
accumulate	The accumulate template applies func to init and X for accumulating iteration (i.e. the result of an iteration is passed forward to the next).
acf	Calculate the autocorrelation of X from lag=1 to lag=maxLag.
acos	The inverse cosine function.
acosh	The inverse hyperbolic cosine function.
adaBoostClassifier	Fit an AdaBoost classification model.
adaBoostRegressor	Fit an AdaBoost regression model.
add	Return the element-by-element sum of X and Y.
addColumn	Add a column or columns to a table.
addRangePartitions	Append new values to the partition scheme of a database.
addValuePartitions	Append new values to the partition scheme of a database.
addVolumes	Dynamically add volume(s) without rebooting the cluster.
adfuller	Perform Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test.
aggrTopN	After sorting funcArgs based on sortingCol, aggrTopN applies func to the first top elements in funcArgs.
aj	The asof join function is used in non-synchronous join.
align	Align the left and right matrices based on row labels and/or column labels (specified by byRow) using the join method specified by how.
all	Return 0 if at least one element of X is false or 0; return 1 otherwise.
And	Return the element-by-element logical X AND Y.
anova	Conduct one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
any	Return 1 if there is at least one element in X that is true or not 0.
append_	Append newData to obj.
appendTuple_	Append Y to X.
array	Return a vector.
arrayVector	Convert value into an array vector by spliting it based on the elements in index.
asFreq	Convert X to specified frequency.
asin	The inverse sine (arcsine) function.
asinh	The inverse hyperbolic sine function.
asis	Return a reference of obj.
asof	For each element y in Y, return the index of the last element in X that is no greater than y.
at	Retrieves elements or positions from a data structure based on specified indices, Boolean conditions, or ranges, and can also apply arguments to functions.
atImax	Find the position of the element with the largest value in location, and return the value of the element in the same position in value.
atImin	Find the position of the element with the smallest value in location, and return the value of the element in the same position in value.
atan	The inverse tangent (arctan) function.
atanh	The inverse hyperbolic tangent function.
autocorr	Calculate the autocorrelation of X.
avg	Calculate the average of X.
backup	Back up all or specified partitions of a distributed table.
backupDB	Back up the specific database to the specified directory.
backupSettings	Back up all settings on users, permissions, and function views to specified directory.
backupTable	Back up a table to the specified directory.
bar	bar can group X based on the length specified by interval.
base64Decode	Decode X from Base64 format to binary data.
base64Encode	Encode X to Base64 format.
beta	Return the coefficient estimate of an ordinary-least-squares regression of Y on X (with intercept).
between	Check if each element of X is between the pair indicated by Y (both boundaries are inclusive).
bfill_
bigarray	Big arrays are specially designed for advanced users in big data analysis.
binaryExpr	Connect X and Y with the binary operator specified in optr to generate metacode of a binary expression.
binsrch	binsrch means binary search.
bitAnd	Return the result of the bitAnd operation.
bitOr	Return the result of the bitOr operation.
bitXor	Return the result of the bitXOr operation.
blob	Convert the data type of X to BLOB.
bondAccrInt	Returns the accrued interest of a security.
bondCashflow	Calculates the cash flow for a bond with a face value of 100.
bondConvexity	Returns the bond convexity of a bond with a face value of 100.
bondDirtyPrice	Returns the dirty price of a bond with a face value of 100.
bondDuration	Returns the Macaulay duration for an assumed par value of 100.
bondYield	Calculate the bond yield for each 100 face value of a bond based on its clean price or dirty price.
bool	Convert the input to a Boolean value.
brentq	Find a root x0 of a function f in a bracketing interval [a, b] using Brent's method.
brute	Minimize a function over a given range by brute force.
bucket	Return a vector with the same length as the input vector.
bucketCount	Accept the same set of parameters as the function bucket and return the count for each bucket.
businessDay	If X is a business day (Monday to Friday), return date(X).
businessMonthBegin	Return the first business day (Monday to Friday) of the month that X belongs to.
businessMonthEnd	Return the last business day (Monday to Friday) of the month that X belongs to.
businessQuarterBegin	Return the first business day (Monday to Friday) of the quarter that X belongs to.
businessQuarterEnd	Return the last day of the quarter that X belongs to.
businessYearBegin	Return the first business day (Monday to Friday) of the year that X belongs to and that starts in the month of startingMonth.
businessYearEnd	Return the last business day (Monday to Friday) of the year that X belongs to and that ends in the month of endingMonth.
byColumn	If func is a unary function, apply the specified function to each column of X; if func is a binary function, apply func(Xi, Yi) to each column of X and Y.
byRow	If func is a unary function, apply the specified function to each row of X; if func is a binary function, apply func(Xi, Yi) to each row of X and Y.
cacheDS_	Instruct the system to cache the data source when it is executed next time.
cacheDSNow	Immediately execute and cache the data source.
call	Call a function with the specified parameters.
cast	Convert a data type to another; reshape a matrix, or convert between matrices and vectors.
cbrt	Return the square root of X.
cdfBeta	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a beta distribution.
cdfBinomial	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a binomial distribution.
cdfChiSquare	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a chi-squared distribution.
cdfExp	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of an exponential distribution.
cdfF	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of an F distribution.
cdfGamma	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a gamma distribution.
cdfKolmogorov	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a Kolmogorov distribution.
cdfLogistic	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a logistic distribution.
cdfNormal	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a normal distribution.
cdfPoisson	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a Poisson distribution.
cdfStudent	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a Student's t-distribution.
cdfUniform	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a continuous uniform distribution.
cdfWeibull	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a Weibull distribution.
cdfZipf	Return the value of the cumulative distribution function of a Zipfian distribution.
cds	Value a Credit Default Swap (CDS) contract.
ceil	Functions floor and ceil map a real number to the largest previous and the smallest following integer, respectively.
cell	Return a scalar that is the value of the specified cell: obj[row, col].
cells	Return a vector of cells in a matrix by the specified row and column index.
char	Convert the input to the data type of CHAR.
charAt	Return the character in X at the position specified by Y.
checkBackup	Check the data integrity of the backup files.
chiSquareTest	If X is a vector, conduct a Chi-squared goodness of fit test whether X and Y follow the same distribution.
cholesky	Conduct Cholesky decomposition of a symmetric positive-definite matrix.
cj	Perform a cross join between two tables and returns their Cartesian product.
clear_	Clear the contents of X.
clearAllCache	Clear the following cached data: the data of dimension table stored in memory the data of OLAP DFS tables that has been loaded into memory the cached level file index of TSDB engine the cached SYMBOL base of TSDB engine the intermediate results of the map-reduce tasks in distributed computing
clearAllIOTDBLatestKeyCache	Clear the latest value table cache.
clearAllIOTDBStaticTableCache	Clear the static table cache.
clearAllTSDBSymbolBaseCache	Clear all cached SYMBOL base entries that are absent from both the cache engine and ongoing transactions.
clearDSCache_	Instruct the system to clear the cache after the next time the data source is executed.
clearDSCacheNow	Immediately clear the data source and cache.
clip	Clips X to specified range.
clip_	Clips X to specified range.
coalesce	The function fills null values in X1 and returns a scalar or vector of the same dimension as X1.
coevent	Count the number of occurrences of two events within the specified intervals.
coint	Test for no-cointegration of a univariate equation.
col	Return one or more columns of a vector/matrix/table.
cols	Return the total number of columns in X.
columnNames	Return the column names of X as a vector.
complex	Create a complex number X+Y*i.
compress	Compress a vector or a table with the specified compression algorithm.
concat	If X is a STRING/CHAR scalar
concatDateTime	Combine date and time into one new variable.
concatMatrix	Concatenate the matrices vertically or horizontally.
condValueAtRisk	Calculate Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR), or expected shortfall (ES) to estimate the average losses incurred beyond the VaR level.
conditionalFilter	Return true if both of the following conditions are satisfied, otherwise return false.
conditionalIterate	Supposing the iteration is based only on the previous result, for the k-th (k ∈ N+) record, the calculation logic is (where the column "factor" holds the results):
constantDesc	This function provides a description of an object.
contextCount	Count the number of positions that are not null in both X and Y.
contextSum	Get of positions that are not null in both X and Y, and calculate the sum of the elements in X on these positions.
contextSum2	Get of positions that are not null in both X and Y, and calculate the sum of squares of the elements in X on these positions.
contextby	Calculate func(funcArgs) for each groupingCol group.
convertEncode	Change the encoding of strings.
convertExcelFormula	Convert Excel formula to DolphinDB expressions.
convertTZ	Convert obj from time zone srcTZ to time zone destTZ.
copy	Returns a shallow copy of obj.
corr	Calculate the correlation of X and Y.
corrMatrix	Return a correlation matrix, where the (i, j) entry is the correlation between the columns i and j of X.
cos	Apply the function of cos to X.
cosh	The hyperbolic cosine function.
count	size returns the number of elements in a vector or matrix, while count returns the number of non-null elements in a vector/matrix.
countNanInf	An aggregate function that counts the number of NaN values and Inf values in X.
covar	Calculate the covariance of X and Y.
covarMatrix	Return a covariance matrix, where the (i, j) entry is the covariance between the columns i and j of X.
crc32	Create a CRC32 hash from STRING.
cross	Apply func to the permutation of all individual elements of X and Y and return a matrix.
crossStat	Return a tuple with the following elements: count(X), sum(X), sum(Y), sum2(X), sum2(Y), sum(X*Y).
cubicSpline	Cubic spline data interpolator.
cubicSplinePredict	Predict the corresponding y for x with the given model.
cumPositiveStreak	Cumulatively calculate the sum of consecutive positive elements of X after the last non-positive element to the left.
cumavg	Calculate the cumulative average of X.
cumbeta	Cumulatively calculate the coefficient estimate of the regression of Y on X.
cumcorr	Cumulatively calculate the correlation of X and Y.
cumcount	Cumulatively calculate the number of non-null elements in X.
cumcovar	Cumulatively calculate the covariance of X and Y.
cumfirstNot	If X is a vector:
cumlastNot	If X is a vector:
cummax	Cumulatively calculate the maximum values in X.
cummdd	Cumulatively calculate the maximum drawdown for the input X.
cummed	Calculate the cumulative median of X.
cummin	Cumulatively calculate the minimum values in X.
cumnunique	Return the cumulative count of unique elements in X.
cumpercentile	If X is a vector, cumulatively calculate the given percentile of a vector.
cumprod	Cumulatively calculate the product of the elements in X.
cumrank	If X is a vector, for each element in X, return the position ranking from the first element to the current element.
cumstd	Cumulatively calculate the standard deviation of X.
cumstdp	Cumulatively calculate the population standard deviation of X.
cumsum	Cumulatively calculate the sum of the elements in X.
cumsum2	Cumulatively calculate the sum of squares of the elements in X.
cumsum3	Cumulatively calculate the cubes of squares of the elements in X.
cumsum4	Cumulatively calculate the fourth powers of the elements in X.
cumvar	Cumulatively calculate the variance of X.
cumvarp	Cumulatively calculate the population variance of X.
cumwavg	Calculate the cumulative weighted average of X with Y as the weights.
cumwsum	Calculate the cumulative weighted sum of X with Y as the weights.
cut	This function divides X based on the specified size or cutPositions.
cutPoints	Return a vector with (binNum+1) elements such that the elements of X are evenly distributed within each of the binNum buckets indicated by the vector.
dailyAlignedBar	Determine windows based on the starting time (specified by timeOffset), window length (specified by n), and possibly ending time (specified by timeEnd).
date	Convert X into DATE type.
datehour	Convert X into DATEHOUR data type.
datetime	Convert X into DATETIME type.
dayOfMonth	Return the day of the month for each element in X.
dayOfWeek	Return which day of the week is X.
dayOfYear	Return the day of the year for each element in X.
daysInMonth	Return the number of days in the month for each element in X.
decimal128	Convert the input values into DECIMAL128.
decimal32	Convert the input values into DECIMAL32 type.
decimal64	Convert the input values into DECIMAL64.
decimalFormat	Apply a specified format to the given object.
decimalMultiply	The function multiplies Decimals.
decodeShortGenomeSeq	Decode the DNA sequences which have been encoded with encodeShortGenomeSeg.
decompress	Decompress a compressed vector or a table.
deepCopy	Returns a deep copy of obj.
defined	Return a scalar/vector indicating whether each element of names is defined.
defs	If X is not specified, return all functions in the system as a table.
deg2rad	Convert angle units from degrees to radians for each element of X.
deltas	For each element Xi in X, return Xi-Xi-n, representing the differences between elements.
dema	Calculate the Double Exponential Moving Average (dema) for X in a sliding window of the given length.
demean	Center a dataset (zero-centering), and return an object of DOUBLE type with the same dimension as X.
denseRank	If X is a vector:
derivative	Return the derivative of func of order n at X.
det	Return the determinant of matrix X.
diag	If X is a vector, return a diagonal matrix.
dict	Return a dictionary object.
dictUpdate_	Update a dictionary for specified keys with the specified function.
difference	Return the last element minus the first element of a vector.
differentialEvolution	Use the Differential Evolution algorithm to calculate the global minimum of a function with multiple variables.
digitize	Return the indices of the bins to which each value in x belongs.
disableActivePartition	Cancel the connection between the active database and the historical database.
disableTSDBAsyncSorting	Data written to the TSDB cache engine are sorted by sortColumns.
distance	Calculate the distance in meters between 2 points on the earth's surface.
distinct	Return the distinct elements from X.
div	Return element-by-element division of X by Y.
dividedDifference	Resample X based on the specified resampleRule, closed and origin.
dot	Return the matrix multiplication of X and Y.
double	Convert the input to the data type of DOUBLE.
drop	If X is a vector, delete the first n or last n (if n is negative) elements.
dropColumns_	Delete one or multiple columns from a table.
dropPartition	Delete data from one or multiple partitions from a DFS database.
dropna	If X is a vector, delete all null values from X.
duration	Convert X to DURATION type which indicates the length of a time interval.
dynamicGroupCumcount	The attribute and category of an event are fixed in most cases.
dynamicGroupCumsum	The attribute and category of an event are fixed in most cases.
each	Apply a function (specified by func or operator) to each element of args / X / Y.
eachAt	If index is a Boolean expression, returns the elements in X that satisfy the condition specified by index (i.e., index = true).
eachLeft	Calculate func(X(i),Y) for each element of X.
eachPost	Apply func over all pairs of consecutive elements of the object.
eachPre	Apply func over all pairs of consecutive elements of X.
eachRight	Calculate func(X, Y(i)) for each element of Y.
eig	Calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A.
ej	Return only the rows that have equivalent values for the matching columns.
elasticNet	Implement linear regression with elastic net penalty (combined L1 and L2 priors as regularizer).
elasticNetCV	Implement linear regression with elastic net penalty using 5-fold cross-validation and return a model corresponding to the optimal parameters.
ema	Calculate the Exponential Moving Average (ema) for X in a count-based sliding window of the given length.
enableActivePartition	Establish a connection between the active database and the historical database.
enableTSDBAsyncSorting	Data written to the TSDB cache engine are sorted by sortColumns.
encodeShortGenomeSeq	Encode DNA sequences made up of A, T, C, G letters.
endsWith	Check if X ends with str.
enlist	If X is a scalar, returns a vector.
eq	If neither X nor Y is a set, return the element-by-element comparison of X and Y.
eqFloat	Return the element-by-element comparison of X and Y with the given precision.
eqObj	Check if the data types and values of two objects are identical.
eqPercent	Check element-wise equality of two inputs X and Y are equal within the specified toleranceLevel.
erase_	Eliminate elements from a set, or members from a dictionary, or rows from a table.
esd	Conduct anomaly detection with the Extreme Studentized Deviate test (ESD).
euclidean	If X and Y are scalars or vectors, return the result of their Euclidean distance.
eval	Evaluate the given metacode.
ewmCorr	Calculate exponentially weighted moving correlation of X and other.
ewmCov	Calculate exponentially weighted moving covariance of X and other.
ewmMean	Calculate exponentially weighted moving average.
ewmStd	Calculate exponentially weighted moving standard deviation.
ewmVar	Calculate exponentially weighted moving variance.
exists	Check if the specified file(s) or folder(s) exist.
exp	Apply the exponential function to all elements of X.
exp2	Return 2 raised to the power of X.
expm1	Return exp(X)-1.
expr	Generate metacode from args.
extractTextSchema	Generate the schema table for the input data file.
eye	Return an X by X indentity matrix.
fTest	Conduct an F-test to compare the variances of two samples.
ffill	If obj is a vector, forward fill the null values in obj with the previous non-null value.
ffill_	If obj is a vector, forward fill the null values in obj with the previous non-null value.
fill_	Assign value to the elements of obj at index.
find	If X is a vector: for each element of Y, return the position of its first occurrence in vector X.
first	Return the first element of a vector, or the first row of a matrix or table.
firstHit	Return the first element in X that satisfies the condition X func target (e.g. X>5).
firstNot	If X is a vector:
fixedLengthArrayVector	Concatenate vectors, matrices, and tables.
fj	Return all rows from equi join together with rows that are not matched from either the left table or the right table.
flatten	Convert X into a 1D vector.
flip	Alias for transpose, used to transpose X:
floor	The floor and ceil functions map a real number to the largest previous and the smallest following integer, respectively.
flushOLAPCache	Flush the data of completed transactions cached in the OLAP cache engine to the database.
flushTSDBCache	Forcibly flush the completed transactions cached in the TSDB cache engine to the database.
fmin	Use a Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm to find the minimum of function of one or more variables.
fminBFGS	Minimize a function using the BFGS algorithm.
fminLBFGSB	Minimize a function func using the L-BFGS-B algorithm.
fminNCG	Perform unconstrained minimization of a function using the Newton-CG method.
fminSLSQP	Minimize a function using Sequential Least Squares Programming.
form	Generate the data form ID of a variable or a constant.
format	Apply a specified format to the given object.
fromJson	Converta a JSON string that complies with DolphinDB specification to a DolphinDB variable.
fromStdJson	Convert X to a DolphinDB variable.
fromUTF8	Convert the encoding of strings from UTF-8.
funcByName	Dynamically execute an operator or a function.
fy5253	Using the 52-53 weeks in a fiscal year (4-4-5 calendar), it returns the start date of fiscal year which includes X.
fy5253Quarter	Using the 52-53 week in fiscal year (4-4-5 calendar), this function returns the start date of fiscal year which includes X.
garch	Use the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to model the conditional volatility of univariate time series.
gaussianKde	Estimate the probability density of the random variable using the Gaussian kernel from kernel density estimation (KDE).
gaussianKdePredict	Predict the probability density of the input data based on the model generated by gaussianKde.
gaussianNB	Conduct the Naive Bayesian classification.
ge	If neither X nor Y is a set, return the element-by-element comparison of X>=Y.
gema	Calculate the Exponential Moving Average (ema) for X in a sliding window of the given length.
genShortGenomeSeq	This function slides a window of fixed size (based on the number of characters) over the input DNA sequence.
genericStateIterate	This function performs calculation with count-based sliding windows iteratively.
genericTStateIterate	This function performs calculation with time-based windows iteratively.
getBackupList	Return a table with information about the backups of a DFS table.
getBackupMeta	Return a dictionary with information about the backup of a partition in a DFS table, which contains the following keys:
getBackupStatus	Get the status of backup/restore tasks.
getChunkPath	Return the paths of the chunks that the given data sources represent.
getChunksMeta	Return metadata of specified database chunks on the local datanode.
getLevelFileIndexCacheStatus	Obtain the memory usage of the indexes of all level files.
getLicenseExpiration	Return the expiration date of the license on the current node.
getMemoryStat	Return the allocated memory and the unused memory.
getOLAPCacheEngineStat	Get the status of the OLAP cache engine on the current node.
getOLAPCachedSymbolBaseMemSize	Obtain the cache size (in Bytes) of SYMBOL base (i.e., a dictionary that stores integers encoded from the data of SYMBOL type) of the OLAP engine.
getPKEYCompactionTaskStatus	Obtain the status of PKEY level file compaction tasks, including all pending tasks and completed tasks.The optional count limits the number of completed tasks returned.
getPKEYMetaData	Obtain the metadata of all chunks in the PKEY engine.
getRecoveryTaskStatus	Get the status of recovery tasks.
getTSDBCachedSymbolBaseMemSize	Obtain the cache size (in Bytes) of SYMBOL base (i.e., a dictionary that stores integers encoded from the data of SYMBOL type) of the TSDB engine.
getTSDBCompactionTaskStatus	Obtain the status of TSDB level file compaction tasks.
getTSDBDataStat	Get the number of level files and sort key entries of specified chunks on the current node.
getTSDBMetaData	Obtain the metadata of all chunks in the TSDB engine.
getTSDBTableIndexCacheStatus	When querying a TSDB table, the indexes (including zonemap) of related level files will be loaded to the memory.
getTablet	Return a table or a list of tables corresponding to the specified partition or partitions.
getTabletsMeta	Return metadata of specified tablet chunks on the local node.
glm	Fit a generalized linear model.
gmm	Train the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with the given data set.
gmtime	Convert X from local time zone to GMT (Greenwich Mean Time).
gram	Calculate the Gram matrix of the selected columns in the given table.
gramSchmidt	This function converts a matrix of full column rank into an orthogonal matrix.
groupby	For each group, calculate func(funcArgs) and return a scalar/vector/dictionary.
groups	For each unique value in X, return the indices of all elements that hold the value.
gt	If neither X nor Y is a set, return the element-by-element comparison of X>Y.
hasNull	For a scalar, return true if it is null.
hashBucket	Hashes each element in X into one of the specified number of buckets and returns the corresponding bucket index.
head	Return the first n element(s) of a vector, or the first n columns of a matrix, or the first n rows of a table.
hex	Convert data of INTEGRAL, FLOAT, COMPLEX, and BINARY types to hexadecimal and return a string.
highDouble	It returns the high-order 8-byte double data of X.
highLong	It returns the high-order 8-byte long integer data of X.
histogram2d	Compute the bi-dimensional histogram of two data samples.
hour	Return the corresponding hour(s).
hourOfDay	For each element in X, return a number from 0 to 23 indicating which hour of the day it falls in.
ifNull	Determine whether X is null.
ifValid	Determine whether X is valid.
ifirstHit	Return the index of the first element in X that satisfies the condition X func target (e.g. X>5).
ifirstNot	If X is a vector, return the subscript of the first non-null element.
iif	Performs an element-wise conditional operation, evaluating each element of the condition.
ilastNot	If X is a vector, return the subscript of the last non-null element.
ilike	Return a Boolean value scalar or vector indicating whether each element in X fits a specific pattern.
imax	If X is a vector, return the position of the element with the largest value in X.
imaxLast	If X is a vector, return the position of the element with the largest value.
imin	If X is a vector, return the position of the minimum value in a vector or a matrix.
iminLast	If X is a vector, return the position of the element with the smallest value.
imr	DolphinDB offers function imr for iterative computing based on the map-reduce methodology.
In	If Y is a scalar:
indexedSeries	indexedSeries supports alignment operations for panel data.
indexedTable	Create an indexed table, which is a special type of in-memory table with primary key.
initcap	The function returns an object of the same type/form as X.
int	Convert X to the data type of INT.
int128	Convert STRING into INT128 data type.
integral	Return the integral of func from start to end.
interpolate	Fills in null values in a numeric vector using interpolation.
intersection	If both X and Y are sets, return the intersection of the two sets.
interval	In SQL queries, group data into continuous intervals with the length of duration.
invBeta	Return the value of a beta inverse cumulative distribution function.
invBinomial	Return the value of a binomial inverse cumulative distribution function.
invChiSquare	Return the value of a chi-squared inverse cumulative distribution function.
invExp	Return the value of an exponential inverse cumulative distribution function.
invF	Return the value of an F inverse cumulative distribution function.
invGamma	Return the value of a gamma inverse cumulative distribution function.
invLogistic	Return the value of a logistic inverse cumulative distribution function.
invNormal	Return the value of a normal inverse cumulative distribution function.
invPoisson	Return the value of a Poisson inverse cumulative distribution function.
invStudent	Return the value of a Student's t inverse cumulative distribution function.
invUniform	Return the value of an uniform inverse cumulative distribution function.
invWeibull	Return the value of a Weibull inverse cumulative distribution function.
inverse	Return the inverse matrix of X if it is invertible.
ipaddr	Convert STRING into IPADDR (IP address) data type.
irs	The irs function prices an interest rate swap (IRS) for the floating-rate side.
isAlNum	Return "true" if all characters in string X are alphanumeric (either alphabets or numbers).
isAlpha	Return "true" if all characters in the string are alphabets.
isDigit	Return "true" if all characters in the string are numbers.
isDuplicated	Return a vector or a tuple of vectors of Boolean values.
isIndexedMatrix	Determine if X is an indexed matrix.
isIndexedSeries	Determine if X is an indexed series.
isLeapYear	Determine if each element in X is in a leap year.
isLower	Check whether all the case-based characters (letters) of the string are lowercase.
isMonotonic	Alias for isMonotonicIncreasing.
isMonotonicDecreasing	Check whether the elements in X are monotonically decreasing.
isMonotonicIncreasing	Check whether the elements in X are monotonically increasing.
isMonthEnd	Determine if each element in X is the last day of a month.
isMonthStart	Determine if each element in X is the first day of a month.
isNanInf	Check each element in X to see if it is a NaN/Inf value.
isNothing	"Nothing" is one of the two objects in VOID type.
isNull	Return true if an element is null.
isNumeric	Return true if all characters in the string are numbers.
isOrderedDict	The function returns "true" if X is an ordered dictionary.
isPeak	If X is a vector, check if each element in X is the peak.
isQuarterEnd	Determine if each element in X is the last day of a quarter.
isQuarterStart	Determine if each element in X is the first day of a quarter.
isSorted	Check whether a vector is sorted or not.
isSpace	Check whether the string X consists of only space.
isTitle	Check if X is a titlecased string, which has the first character in each word uppercase and the remaining all characters lowercase alphabets.
isUpper	Check whether all the case-based characters (letters) of the string are uppercase.
isValid	Determine if each element of X is null.
isValley	If X is a vector, check if each element in X is the valley.
isVoid	Check if an object is VOID type.
isYearEnd	Determine if each element in X is the last day of a year.
isYearStart	Determine if each element in X is the first day of a year.
isort	Instead of returning a sorted vector like sort_, isort returns the indexes in the original vector for each element in the sorted vector.
isort_	isort_(x, ascending, y) is equivalent to y[F.isort(x, ascending)].
isortTop	Return the first few elements of the result of isort(X, [ascending]).
iterate	If init, coeffs and input are all scalars, return a geometric sequence [init*coeffs, init*coeffs^2, init*coeffs^3, …].
join	Merge X and Y.
join_	Merge X and Y, and assign the result to X.
jsonExtract	This function parses extracted JSON elements into specified data type.
kama	Calculate the Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average for X with a rolling window.
kendall	Calculate the Kendall rank correlation coefficient between X and Y.
keyedStreamTable	This function creates a stream table with one or more columns serving as the primary key.
keyedTable	Create an keyed table, which is a special type of in-memory table with primary key.
keys	Return the keys of a dictionary as a vector, or return the column names of a table as a vector, or convert a set into a vector.
kmeans	K-means clustering.
knn	Implement the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm with a brute-force search for classification and regression.
kroghInterpolate	Interpolating polynomial for a set of points.
kroghInterpolateFit	This function performs polynomial interpolation for a given set of points, ensuring the polynomial passes through all points in the set.
ksTest	Conduct Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on X and Y.
kurtosis	Return the kurtosis of X.
lasso	Estimate a Lasso regression that performs L1 regularization.
lassoBasic	Perform lasso regression.
lassoCV	Estimate a Lasso regression using 5-fold cross-validation and return a model corresponding to the optimal parameters.
last	Return the last element of a vector, or the last row of a matrix or table.
lastNot	If X is a vector:
lastWeekOfMonth	In the calendar month of X, suppose the last "weekday" is d.
latestIndexedTable	Create an indexed table, which is a special type of in-memory table with primary key.
latestKeyedStreamTable	Create a keyed stream table with one or more columns serving as the primary key.
latestKeyedTable	Create a keyed table, which is a special type of in-memory table with primary key.
le	If neither X nor Y is a set, return the element-by-element comparison of X<=Y.
left	Return the first n characters of string X.
lfill	If obj is a vector: linearly fill the null values between 2 non-null numeric values in obj.
lfill_	If obj is a vector: linearly fill the null values between 2 non-null numeric values in obj.
license	Display information regarding the DolphinDB license.
like	Return a Boolean value scalar or vector indicating whether each element in X fits a specific pattern.
linearInterpolateFit	Perform linear interpolation/extrapolation on a set of points.
linearTimeTrend	Calculate the moving linear regression for X.
linprog	Solve the following optimization problem with a linear objective function and a set of linear constraints.
lj	Left join (lj) return all records from the left table and the matched records from the right table.
loadBackup	Load the backup of a partition in a distributed table.
loadModel	Load the specifications of a trained model into memory as a dictionary.
loadNpy	Load an .npy (Python Numpy) binary file and convert it into a DolphinDB vector or matrix.
loadNpz	Read an npz binary file from Python NumPy and convert it into DolphinDB objects.
loadRecord	Load a binary file with fixed length for each column into memory.
loadTable	For a DFS table: return a table object with only the metadata.
loadText	Load a text file into memory as a table.
loadTextEx	Load a text file into DolphinDB database.
loc	Access a group of rows and columns of a matrix by label(s) or a boolean vector.
localtime	Convert X in GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) to local time zone.
loess	Resample X based on the specified resampleRule, closed and origin.
log	If Y is not specified: return the natural logarithm of X.
log10	Return the logarithm of X to the base 10.
log1p	Return log(1+X).
log2	Return the logarithm of X to the base 2.
logisticRegression	Fit a logistic regression model.
long	Convert the data type of X to LONG.
loop	The loop template is very similar to the each template.
lowDouble	It returns the low-order 8-byte double data of X.
lowLong	It returns the low-order 8-byte long integer data of X.
lowRange	For each element Xi in X, count the continuous nearest neighbors to its left that are larger than Xi.
lower	Convert all characters in a string or a list of strings into lower cases.
lowerBound	For each element y in Y, get the first element that is greater than or equal to y and return its index in X.
lpad	Pad the left-side of a string with a specific set of characters.
lshift	Shift the binary representation of X to the left by bits.
lsj	Left join (lj) return all records from the left table and the matched records from the right table.
lt	If neither X nor Y is a set, return the element-by-element comparison of X<Y.
ltrim	Remove leading spaces from a character expression.
lu	Compute pivoted LU decomposition of a matrix.
mLowRange	For each element Xi in a sliding window of X, count the continuous nearest neighbors to its left that are larger than Xi.
mTopRange	For each element Xi in a sliding window of X, count the continuous nearest neighbors to its left that are smaller than Xi.
ma	Calculate the moving average (whose type is determined by maType) in a sliding window of the given length.
mad	If X is a vector, return the average absolute deviation of X.
makeCall	Call a function with the specified parameters to generate a piece of script.
makeKey	Combine the specified args as a BLOB scalar or vector, so it can used as the key(s) of a dictionary or a set.
makeSortedKey	Combine the specified args as a BLOB scalar or vector.
makeUnifiedCall	Generate metacode for function call.
mannWhitneyUTest	Perform the Mann-Whitney U test on X and Y.
manova	Conduct multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
mask	Apply Y on each element of X.
matrix	Generate a matrix.
mavg	If X is a vector, return a vector of the same length as X.
mavgTopN	Within a sliding window of given length (measured by the number of elements), the function stably sorts X by S in the order specified by ascending, then calculates the average of the first top elements.
max	For one input:
maxDrawdown	Calculate the maximum drawdown for the input X.
maxIgnoreNull	A binary scalar function that returns the maximum by comparing X with Y.
maxPositiveStreak	If X is a vector: return the maximum value of of the sum of consecutive positive elements of X.
mbeta	Calculate the coefficient estimate of an ordinary-least-squares regression of Y on X in a sliding window.
mbetaTopN	Within a sliding window of given length (measured by the number of elements), the function stably sorts X and Y by S in the order specified by ascending, then calculates the coefficient estimate ordinary-least-squares regressions of Y on X.
mcorr	Calculate the correlation of X and Y in a sliding window.
mcorrTopN	Within a sliding window of given length (measured by the number of elements), the function stably sorts X and Y by S in the order specified by ascending, then calculates the moving correlation of the first top pairs of elements in X and Y.
mcount	Return the number of non-null values of X in a sliding window.
mcovar	Calculate the moving covariance of X and Y in a sliding window.
mcovarTopN	Within a sliding window of given length (measured by the number of elements), the function stably sorts X and Y by S in the order specified by ascending, then calculates the moving covariance of the first top pairs of elements in X and Y.
md5	Create an MD5 hash from STRING.
mdd	Alias for maxDrawdown.
mean	Calculate the average of X.
med	If X is a vector, return the median of all the elements in X.
mem	Display the memory usage of the current node.
member	Return the specified member/attribute of an object.
memberModify_	Modifies one or more member objects of obj by applying a specified function with given parameters.
merge	Merge 2 indexed series or 2 indexed matrices.
mfirst	Return the first element of X in a sliding window.
mfirstNot	If X is a vector:
microsecond	For each element in X, return a number from 0 to 999999 indicating which microsecond of the second it falls in.
mifirstNot	Return the index of the first non-null element of X in a sliding window (based on the number of elements or time).
migrate	Restore the backup.
milastNot	Return the index of the last non-null element of X in a sliding window (based on the number of elements or time).
millisecond	For each element in X, return a number from 0 to 999 indicating which millisecond of the second it falls in.
mimax	Return the position of the element with the largest value in X in a sliding window.
mimaxLast	Return the position of the element with the largest value in X in a sliding window.
mimin	Return the position of the element with the smallest value in X in a sliding window.
miminLast	Return the position of the element with the smallest value in X in a sliding window.
min	For one input (null values will not be compared with other elements):
minIgnoreNull	A binary scalar function that returns the minimum by comparing X with Y.
minute	Return the corresponding minute(s).
minuteOfHour	For each element in X, return a number from 0 to 59 indicating which minute of the hour it falls in.
mkurtosis	Calculate the moving kurtosis of X in a sliding window.
mlast	Return the last element of X in a sliding window.
mlastNot	If X is a vector:
mmad	Calculate the average absolute deviation of X in a sliding window.
mmax	Calculate the moving maximums of X in a sliding window.
mmaxPositiveStreak	Obtain the maximum value of the sum of consecutive positive numbers in X within a sliding window of given size (based on the number of elements).
mmed	Calculate the moving median of X in a sliding window.
mmin	Calculate the moving minimums of X in a sliding window.
mmse	Return the coefficient estimates of X and mean square errors of an ordinary- least-squares regression of Y on X with intercept with a rolling window.
mod	Mod means modulus.
mode	If X is a vector, calculate the most frequently occurring value in X.
month	Return the corresponding month(s).
monthBegin	Return the first day of the month that X belongs to.
monthEnd	Return the last day of the month that X belongs to.
monthOfYear	For each element in X, return a number from 1 to 12 indicating which month of the year it falls in.
move	move is the general form of prev and next.
moveHotDataToColdVolume	Migrate the specified data to coldVolumes.
moving	Apply the function/operator to a moving window of the given objects.
movingTopNIndex	Return an array vector indicating the indices of the first top elements of X after sorted within each sliding window.
movingWindowIndex	Return an array vector indicating the indices of the elements of X within each sliding window.
mpercentile	Return the percentile rank of each element of X in a sliding window.
mpercentileTopN
mprod	Calculate the moving products of X in a sliding window.
mr	The Map-Reduce function is the core function of DolphinDB's generic distributed computing framework.
mrank	Return the rank of each element of X in a sliding window.
mskew	Calculate the moving skewness of X in a sliding window.
mslr	Conduct the simple least-squares regressions of Y on X in a sliding window.
mstd	Calculate the standard deviation of X in a sliding window.
mstdTopN	Within a sliding window of given length (measured by the number of elements), the function stably sorts X by S in the order specified by ascending, then calculates the unbiased sample standard deviation of the first top elements.
mstdp	Calculate the population standard deviation of X in a sliding window.
mstdpTopN	Within a sliding window of given length (measured by the number of elements), the function stably sorts X by S in the order specified by ascending, then calculates the population standard deviation of the first top elements.
msum	Calculate the moving sum of X in a sliding window.
msum2	Calculate the sum of squares of all elements of X in a sliding window (based on the number of elements or time).
msumTopN	Within a sliding window of given length (measured by the number of elements), the function stably sorts X by S in the order specified by ascending, then sums up the first top elements.
mul	Return the element-by-element product of X and Y.
multiTableRepartitionDS	Generate a tuple of data sources from multiple tables with a new partitioning design.
multinomialNB	Conduct the multinomial Naive Bayesian classification.
mutualInfo	Calculate the mutual information of X and Y.
mvar	Calculate the moving variances of X in a sliding window.
mvarTopN	Within a sliding window of given length (measured by the number of elements), the function stably sorts X by S in the order specified by ascending, then calculates the unbiased sample variance of the first top elements.
mvarp	Calculate the moving population variances of X in a sliding window.
mvarpTopN	Within a sliding window of given length (measured by the number of elements), the function stably sorts X by S in the order specified by ascending, then calculates the population variance of the first top elements.
mwavg	Calculate the moving averages of X with Y as weights in a sliding window.
mwsum	Calculate the moving sums of X with Y as weights in a sliding window.
mwsumTopN	Within a sliding window of given length (measured by the number of elements), the function stably sorts X and Y by S in the order specified by ascending, then calculates the moving sums of X with Y as weights.
nanInfFill	In DolphinDB, NaN and Inf values of floating-point numbers are replaced with null values.
nanosecond	For each element in X, return a number indicating which nanosecond of the second it falls in.
nanotime	Convert the data type of X to NANOTIME.
nanotimestamp	Convert the data type of X to NANOTIMESTAMP.
ne	If neither X nor Y is a set, conduct the element-by-element comparison of X and Y; return 1 if the elements in X and Y are not the same.
neg	Return the negative of X.
neville	Resample X based on the specified resampleRule, closed and origin.
next	Shift the elements of a vector to the left for one position.
nextState	Consecutive elements in X with the same value feature the same state, and a null value has no state.
norm	Return a vector (matrix) that follows a normal distribution.
normal	Alias for norm.
Not	Return NOT of each element of X.
now	Return the current timestamp.
ns	Fit yield curve using NS (Nelson-Siegel) model.
nss	Fit yield curve using NSS (Nelson-Siegel-Svensson) model.
nssPredict	Predict yield using the NS/NSS model.
nullCompare	Return a Boolean value which is the result of func(X,Y).
nullFill	When X is a vector/matrix:
nullFill_	Please refer to nullFill.
nullIf
nunique	If X is a vector/array vector, return the number of unique elements in X.
objByName	DolphinDB parses script before execution.
objectChecksum	Calculate the checksum of a vector.
objs	Obtain the information on the variables in memory.
ols	Return the result of an ordinary-least-squares regression of Y on X.
olsEx	Return the result of an ordinary-least-squares regression of Y on X.
oneHot	Perform one-hot encoding on the specified columns in an in-memory table.
Or	Return the element-by-element logical X OR Y.
osqp	Solve the following optimization problem with a quadratic objective function and a set of linear constraints.
pack	Return a bytes object packed according to the format string format.
pair	Return a data pair.
panel	Rearrange metrics as a matrix (or multiple matrices).
parseExpr	Convert string into metacode, which can be executed by function eval.
parseInt	parseInteger parses X into an integer of the specified type in specified radix.
parseInteger	parseInteger parses X into an integer of the specified type in specified radix.
parseJsonTable	Parses JSON objects into an in-memory table.
partial	Create a partial application.
partition	Select one or more partitions from a partitioned table.
pca	Conduct principal component analysis for the specified columns of the data source.
pcall	Conduct parallel computing of a vector function.
pcross	pcross is the parallel computing version of template function cross.
percentChange	For each element Xi in X, return (Xi / Xi-n) - 1, representing the percentage changes between elements.
percentile	If X is a vector, return the given percentile of X.
percentileRank	Calculate the percentile (0-100) of a score in a vector with null values ignored.
piecewiseLinFit	Fit a continuous piecewise linear function for a specified number of line segments.
pivot	Rearrange the results of an aggregate function as a matrix.
pj	Prefix join is similar to equi join with the following differences:
ploadText	Load a text data file in parallel as an in-memory partitioned table.
ploop	ploop is the parallel computing version of template function loop .
point	Generate a POINT type data to store the location of a midpoint in the coordinate system.
poly1d	Calculate the value of the dependent variable for a one-dimensional polynomial based on the given coefficients and independent variable.
polyFit	Return a vector indicating the least-squares fit polynomial coefficients in ascending powers for a polynomial p(X) of degree n that is a best fit (in a least-squares sense) for the data in Y.
polyPredict	Calculate the value of the dependent variable for a one-dimensional polynomial based on the given coefficients and independent variable.
polynomial	Apply the polynomial coefficient vector coeffs on each element of X.
pop_	Remove the last element of X.
pow	Raise all elements of X to the power of Y.
predict	Make a prediction with the specified prediction model and data.
prev	Shift the elements of a vector to the right for one position.
prevState	Consecutive elements in X with the same value feature the same state, and a null value has no state.
print	Print out results and variable contents.
prod	If X is a vector, return the product of all the elements in X.
push_	Append newData to obj.
pwj	Execuate prevailing window join.
pwlfPredict	Evaluate the fitted continuous piecewise linear function at untested points.
qclp	Solve the following optimization problem with a linear objective function and a set of constraints including a quadratic constraint.
qr	Perform the QR decomposition of a matrix.
quadprog	Solve the following optimization problem with a quadratic objective function and a set of linear constraints.
quantile	Return values at the given quantile in X.
quantileSeries	Return values at the given quantile in X.
quarterBegin	Return the first day of the quarter that X belongs to.
quarterEnd	Return the first day of the quarter that X belongs to.
rad2deg	Convert angle units from radians to degrees for each element of X.
rand	Return a random scalar/vector/matrix of the same data type as X.
randBeta	Return a vector of random values with beta distribution.
randBinomial	Return a vector of random values with binomial distribution.
randChiSquare	Return a vector of random values with chi-squared distribution.
randDiscrete	Generate a sample of size count with random values sampling from v based on the specified probability distribution p.
randExp	Return a vector of random values with exponential distribution.
randF	Return a vector of random values with F distribution.
randGamma	Return a vector of random values with gamma distribution.
randLogistic	Return a vector of random values with logistic distribution.
randMultivariateNormal	Return a matrix of random values that follow a multivariate normal distribution.
randNormal	Return a vector of random values with normal distribution.
randPoisson	Return a vector of random values with Poisson distribution.
randStudent	Return a vector of random values with Student's t-distribution.
randUniform	Return a vector of random values with continuous uniform distribution.
randWeibull	Return a vector of random values with Weibull distribution.
randomForestClassifier	Fit a random forest classification model.
randomForestRegressor	Fit a random forest regression model.
rank	Based on the sort order specified by ascending, this function returns the ranking (starting from 0) of each element in X.
ratio	Returns element-by-element ratio of X to Y.
ratios	If X is a vector, return X(n)X(n-1) by scanning X.
rdp	Use RDP (Ramer-Douglas-Peucker) vector compression algorithm to compress the POINT type vector.
reciprocal	Return element-by-element reciprocal of X.
reduce	The function of reduce is the same as accumulate.
refCount	Return the number of times a variable is referred to.
regexCount	Search in str from the offset position, and return an integer indicating how many times a string that matches pattern occurs in str.
regexFind	Search in str for another string that matches pattern and return an integer that indicates the beginning position of the first matched substring.
regexFindStr	Different from regexFind which returns the positions of the matched strings, regexFindStr searches from the offset position and returns the matched substring.
regexReplace	Search in str for another string that matches pattern and and replace every occurrence of the matched string or pattern with replacement.
regroup	Group the data of a matrix based on user-specified column/row labels and apply aggregation on each group.
remoteRun	Send a script or function to a remote database for execution.
remoteRunCompatible	Send a script or function to a remote database for execution.
remoteRunWithCompression	The function has the same feature and usage as the function remoteRun.
removeHead_	Delete the first n elements from a vector.
removeTail_	Delete the last n elements from a vector.
rename_	For a vector, assign a new name.
renameTable	Rename a table in a DFS database.
reorderColumns_	Change the order of columns of an in-memory table.
repartitionDS	Repartition a table with specified partitioning type and scheme, and return a tuple of data sources.
repeat	Repeats each item in string X n times to form a new string.
replace	Replace oldValue with newValue in X.
replace_
replaceColumn_
replay	Replay one or more tables or data sources (generated by replayDS) to table(s) in chronological order to simulate real-time ingestion of streaming data.
replayDS	Generates a tuple of data sources from a DFS table (queried by a SQL statement) based on its time columns.
repmat	Create a large matrix consisting of a rowRep-by-colRep tiling of copies of X.
resample	Apply func to X based on the frenquency (or the trading calendar) as specified in rule.
reshape	Change the dimensions of a matrix and return a new matrix.
residual	Return the residuals from the least squares regression of Y on X.
restore	Restore the specified partitions from the most recent backup.
restoreDB	Restore the backup database.
restoreTable	Restore the backup database.
reverse
ridge	Linear least squares with l2 regularization.
ridgeBasic	Perform Ridge regression.
right	Return the last n characters of string X.
rolling	The rolling function applies func to a moving window of funcArgs.
rollingPanel	Extract a fixed number of rows from a table with a rolling window to generate a new table.
round	Round a number to the specified number of digits after the decimal point with the round half up rule.
row	Return one or more rows of a vector/matrix/table.
rowAlign	The rowAlign function aligns corresponding rows from left and right based on their values.
rowAnd	For each row (a vector is viewed as a one-column matrix here), return 1 if all rows of all input variables are true; otherwise return 0.
rowAt
rowAvg	Calculate the average of each row of the arguments.
rowBeta	Calculate the coefficient estimate of the ordinary-least-squares regression of Y on X by row and return a vector with the same number of rows of X.
rowCorr	Calculate the correlation between X and Y by row and return a vector with the same number of rows of X.
rowCount	Return the number of non-null elements in each row of the arguments.
rowCovar	Calculate the covariance between X and Y by row and return a vector with the same number of rows of X.
rowDenseRank	rowDenseRank can be viewed as function denseRank applied on rows instead of columns.
rowDot	If both X and Y are vectors/matrices, calculate the inner product between X and Y by row.
rowEuclidean	If both X and Y are vectors/matrices, calculate the Euclidean distance between X and Y by row.
rowGroupby	Group the data by groupingCol, then calculate func(funcArgs) and return a scalar for each group.
rowImax	Return the index of the maximum in each row.
rowImaxLast	Return a vector of the same length as the number of rows of the argument.
rowImin	Return the index of the minimum in each row.
rowIminLast	Return a vector of the same length as the number of rows of the argument.
rowKurtosis	Return the kurtosis of each row in X.
rowMax	Calculate the maximum value of each row of the arguments.
rowMin	Calculate the minimum value of each row of the arguments.
rowMove	The rowMove function shifts the elements in each row of X left or right by a specified number of steps.
rowNames	Return the row names of matrix X.
rowNext	For each row in X, rowNext shifts the elements to the left for one position.
rowNo	Return the index position of each row in a table.
rowOr	For each row (a vector is viewed as a one-column matrix here), return 1 if there are true elements in each row of the input; otherwise return 0.
rowPrev	For each row in X, rowPrev shifts the elements to the right for one position.
rowProd	Calculate the product of each row of the arguments.
rowRank	Conduct the following operation within each row of matrix X:
rowSize	Calculate the number of elements (null values included) of each row.
rowSkew	Return the skewness of each row in X.
rowStd	Calculate the (sample) standard deviation of each row of the arguments.
rowStdp	Calculate the population standard deviation of each row.
rowSum	Calculate the sum of each row of the arguments.
rowSum2	Calculate the sum of square of all elements in each row of the arguments.
rowTanimoto	If both X and Y are vectors/matrices, calculate the tanimoto distance between X and Y by row.
rowVar	Calculate the (sample) variance of each row of the arguments.
rowVarp	Calculate the population variance of each row.
rowWavg	Calculate the weighted average of X by row with Y as the weights and return a vector with the same number of rows of X.
rowWsum	For each row, return 1 if odd number of columns are true; otherwise return 0.
rowXor
rows	Return the number of rows in X.
rpad	Pad the right-side of a string with a specific set of characters.
rshift	Shift bits to the right.
rtrim	Take a string of characters that has spaces at the end, and return the text without the spaces at the end.
sample	Must be used in a where clause.
saveAsNpy	Save a vector/matrix in DolphinDB as an npy file.
saveDatabase	Save a database handle.
saveDualPartition	Save a table in the local node before sharing it to other nodes to form a dual partition database.
saveModel	Save the specifications of a trained model to a file on disk.
savePartition	Save a table as a partitioned DFS table.
saveTable	Save a table to an unpartitioned disk table.
saveText	Save DolphinDB variables or data queried by SQL statement as a text file on disk.
saveTextFile	Save strings to a file by appending or overwriting.
schema	Display information about the schema of a table or a database.
schur	Compute the Schur decomposition of a square matrix.
scs	Solve the following optimization problem for the objective function with given constraints:
searchK	Return the k-th smallest item ignoring null values.
seasonalEsd	Conduct anomaly detection with the Seasoned Extreme Studentized Deviate test (S-ESD).
second	Return the corresponding second(s).
secondOfMinute	For each element in X, return a number from 0 to 59 indicating which second of the minute it falls in.
segment	Divide a vector into groups.
segmentby	segmentby is very similar to contextby except for how groups are determined.
sej	Semantically equi join
sem	Return unbiased (normalized by N-1) standard error of the mean over X .
semiMonthBegin	Return the first day of the semi-month that X belongs to.
semiMonthEnd	Suppose X is the d-th day of the month:
seq	Returns a vector starting from start and ending at end.
sessionWindow	The first session window starts at the first non-null value of X.
set	Return the corresponding set object of vector X .
setColumnComment	Add comments to columns of a DFS table or an MVCC table.
setIndexedMatrix_	Set the labels of the rows and columns of a matrix as the indexes.
setIndexedSeries_	Convert a single column matrix with row labels into an indexed series.
setRandomSeed	Set the random seed.
setRetentionPolicy	Set the policy of data retention and tiered storage.
shape	Return the dimension of a scalar/vector/matrix as a PAIR.
shapiroTest	Conduct a Shapiro-Wilk test on X.
share	If only table and sharedName are specified:
short	Convert the input to the data type of SHORT.
shuffle	Return a new vector/matrix after taking a shuffle on the data.
shuffle_	Please refer to shuffle.
signbit	Detect the sign bit of the input value.
signum	Return 1 if X is positive; 0 if X is 0; -1 if X is negative; NULL if X is null.
sin	The sine function.
sinh	The hyperbolic sine function.
size	For a vector/matrix, size returns the number of elements.
skew	Return the skewness of X.
sleep	Pause the application for X milliseconds.
slice	For slice(obj, index):
sliceByKey	Get the rows containing the specified values of the key columns from a keyed table or an indexed table.
sma	Calculate the Simple Moving Average (sma) for X in a sliding window of the given length.
snippet	Print the results.
socp	Solve SOCP problems and calculate the minimum of the objective function under specified constraints.
solve	It generates the vector b that solves X*b=Y.
sort	Return a sorted vector/matrix in ascending/descending order.
sort_	Sort X in-place in ascending/descending order.
sortBy_	Sort a table in-place based on the specified columns and directions.
spearmanr	Calculate the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of X and Y.
splev	splev, short for Spline Evaluation, is used to evaluate B-spline curves or their derivatives.
spline	Resample X based on the specified resampleRule, closed and origin.
split
splrep	splrep, short for Spline Representation, is used to find the B-spline representation of a one-dimensional curve.
sql	Create a SQL statement dynamically.
sqlCol	Generate metacode for selecting one or multiple columns with or without calculations.
sqlColAlias	Use metacode and an optional alias name to define a column.
sqlDS	Create a list of data sources based on the input SQL metacode.
sqlDelete	Dynamically generate a metacode of the SQL delete statement.
sqlUpdate	Dynamically generate a metacode of the SQL update statement.
sqrt	Return the square root of each element in X.
square	Return the square of X.
startsWith	Check if X starts with str.
stat	Return a dictionary about the descriptive statistics of X including avg(mean), max, min, count, median, and stdev.
stateIterate	Supposing the iteration is based only on the previous result, for the k-th (k ∈ N+) record, the calculation logic is (where the column "factor" holds the results):
std	If X is a vector, return the (unbiased) sample standard deviation of X.
stdp	If X is a vector, return the population standard deviation of X.
stl	Use Loess method to decompose a time series into trend, seasonality and randomness.
strReplace	Return a copy of str and replace all occurrences of pattern with replacement.
streamTable	Create a table in real-time mode to be used in streaming (also called a stream table).
stretch
string	Convert X to a string.
stringFormat	stringFormat formats strings by replacing placeholders with values passed by the user.
strip	Remove all space, tab, new line, and carriage characters in both head and tail of a string.
strlen	Return the length of each string in X.
strlenu	Return the length of each string in X.
strpos	If X contains str, return the index in X where the first occurrence of str starts; otherwise, return -1.
sub	Return the result of element-by-element subtracting Y from X.
subarray	When a subset of the elements of a vector are needed in calculation, if we use script such as close[10:].avg(), a new vector close[10:] is generated with replicated data from the original vector close before the calculation is conducted.
substr	Return a substring of X with the specified starting position (offset) and length.
substru	The only differerence between substru and substr is that substru can process Unicode strings.
subtuple	Create a read-only view of a subarray of each vector in X almost instantly.
sum	If X is a vector, return the sum of all the elements in X.
sum2	If X is a vector, return the sum of squares of all the elements in X.
sum3	If X is a vector, return the sum of cubes of all the elements in X.
sum4	If X is a vector, return the sum of the fourth powers of all the elements in X.
sumbars	For each element X i in X, calculate the cumulative sum of X i in the backward direction, i.e., (X i + X i-1 + X i-2 …), until the value is no smaller than Y.
summary	summary generates summary statistics for the input data.
svd	Perform the singular decomposition of a matrix.
symbol	Convert X to a symbol vector.
symbolCode	SYMBOL is a special STRING type used to store repetitive strings in DolphinDB.
symmetricDifference	Return the union of two sets minus the intersection of the two sets.
syncDict	Return a thread-safe dictionary that allows concurrent read and write by multiple threads.
syntax	Return the syntax of function/command X.
t3	Calculate the Triple Exponential Moving Average (t3) for X in a sliding window of the given length.
tTest	If Y is not specified, conduct a one-sample t-test on X.
table
tableInsert	Insert args.
tableUpsert	Insert rows into a table if the values with the key do not already exist, or update them if they do.
tail	Return the last n element(s) of a vector, or the last n columns of a matrix, or the last n rows of a table.
take
talib	Regarding null value handling, the differences between DolphinDB's built-in moving functions and Python TA-lib lie in:
talibNull	Traverse each vector (v1, v2, …, vn) based on the index starting from 0 and return a tuple.
tan	The tangent function.
tanh	The hyperbolic tangent function.
tanimoto	If X and Y are scalars or vectors, return the result of their tanimoto distance.
tema	Calculate the Triple Exponential Moving Average (tema) for X in a sliding window of the given length.
temporalAdd	Add a value to a temporal variable.
temporalFormat	Convert a DolphinDB temporal variable to a string with specified format.
temporalParse	Convert a string with specified format to a DolphinDB temporal data type.
temporalSeq	Resample the time series between start and end based on the frequency specified by rule.
tensor	Generate a tensor from X with the following rules:
textChunkDS	To load an extremely large text file into DolphinDB database, we can first use function textChunkDS to divide the text file into multiple data sources with the size of each data source specified by chunkSize, then use function mr to load data.
til	Return a vector of integral type from 0 to n-1.
time	Return the corresponding time(s) with millisecond precision.
timestamp	Return the corresponding timestamp(s).
tmLowRange	For each element Xi in a sliding window of X, count the continuous nearest neighbors to its left that are larger than Xi.
tmTopRange	For each element Xi in a sliding window of X, count the continuous nearest neighbors to its left that are smaller than Xi.
tmavg	Calculate the moving average of X in a sliding window.
tmbeta	Calculate the coefficient estimate of an ordinary-least-squares regression of Y on X in a sliding window.
tmcorr	Calculate the correlation of X and Y in a sliding window.
tmcount	Return the number of non-null values of X in a sliding window.
tmcovar	Calculate the moving covariance of X and Y in a sliding window.
tmfirst	Return the first element of X in a sliding window.
tmkurtosis	Calculate the moving kurtosis of X in a sliding window.
tmlast	Return the last element of X in a sliding window.
tmmax	Calculate the moving maximum of X in a sliding window.
tmmed	Calculate the moving median of X in a sliding window.
tmmin	Calculate the moving minimum of X in a sliding window.
tmove	For each element T i in T, return the element in X which is at the same position as (T i-window) in T.
tmoving	Apply the function/operator to a sliding window of the given objects.
tmpercentile	Return the percentile rank of each element of X in a sliding window.
tmprod	Calculate the moving product of X in a sliding window.
tmrank	Return the rank of each element of X in a sliding window.
tmskew	Calculate the moving skewness of X in a sliding window.
tmstd	Calculate the standard deviation of X in a sliding window.
tmstdp	Calculate the population standard deviation of X in a sliding window.
tmsum	Calculate the moving sum of X in a sliding window.
tmsum2	Calculate the moving sum of squares of all elements of X in a sliding window.
tmvar	Calculate the moving variance of X in a sliding window.
tmvarp	Calculate the moving population variance of X in a sliding window.
tmwavg	Calculate the moving average of X with Y as weights in a sliding window.
tmwsum	Calculate the moving sum of X with Y as weights in a sliding window.
toCharArray	Split a string into a vector of the CHAR data type.
toJson	Convert a DolphinDB object to JSON format.
toStdJson	Convert a DolphinDB object to JSON format.
toUTF8	Change the encoding of strings to UTF-8.
today	Return the current date.
topRange	For each element Xi in X, count the continuous nearest neighbors to its left that are smaller than Xi.
transDS_	Apply data transforming functions to a data source or a list of data sources.
transFreq	For each element of X, conduct a transformation as specified with parameter rule.
transpose	This function is used to transpose X:
treasuryConversionFactor
triggerTSDBCompaction	Use this command to manually trigger the compaction of TSDB level files at specific level for optimal reading performance.
tril	If k is not specified: return the lower triangular portion of matrix X.
trim	Trim all white spaces around the string.
trima	Calculate the Triangular Moving Average (trima) for X in a sliding window of the given length.
triu	If k is not specified: return the upper triangular portion of matrix X.
trueRange	Return a vector of the same length as each of the input vectors.
truncate	Remove all rows from a DFS table but keep its schema.
tupleSum	Summarize individual results from multiple map calls.
twindow	Apply func over a sliding window of funcArgs.
type	Return an integer indicating the data type of X.
typestr	Return a string indicating the data type of X.
undef	Release variables or function definitions from the memory.
ungroup	For table X, where some columns are array vectors or columnar tuples, returns the normalized table, with one row for each element of the flattened array vector or columnar tuple.
unifiedCall	Call a function with the specified parameters.
unifiedExpr	Connect the operands in objs with the binary operators in optrs to generate metacode of a multivariate expression.
union	Return the union of two sets.
unionAll	For the first scenario, combine 2 tables into a single table.
unpack	Unpack from the buf according to the format string specified by format.
unpivot	Convert the columns specified by valueColNames into a single column.
update_	Update columns of a table in place.
updateLicense	Update the license without restarting the node.
upper	Convert all characters in a string or a list of strings into upper cases.
upsert_	Insert rows into a keyed table or indexed table if the values of the primary key do not already exist, or update them if they do.
uuid	Convert STRING into UUID data type.
valueAtRisk	Calculate Value at Risk (VaR) to predict the minimum return within a given confidence level (e.g. 95% or 99%) over a specific time frame.
valueChanged	Compare each element in X with the element specified by mode.
values	Return all values of a dictionary, or all the columns of a table in a tuple.
vanillaOption	Calculate vanilla option prices using specified methods.
var	If X is a vector, return the the (unbiased) sample standard variance of X.
varma	Analyze multivariate time series using a Vector Autoregressive Moving-Average (VARMA) model.
varp	If X is a vector, return the population variance of X.
vectorAR	Analyze multivariate time series using the Vector Autoregression model (VAR model).
vectorNorm	Compute a matrix or vector norm.
version	Return key system information about the DolphinDB server:
volumeBar	This function sequentially accumulates the elements in X, and then groups them based on the specified threshold.
wavg	Calculate the weighted average of X with the weight vector Y.
wc	Count the words in X.
wcovar	Calculate the weighted covariance of X and Y with weights as the weight vector.
weekBegin	For each element of X, return the first date of the week that it belongs to and that starts on the day as specified by parameter weekday.
weekEnd	For each element of X, return the last date of the week that it belongs to and that ends on the day as specified by parameter weekday.
weekOfMonth	In the calendar month of X, suppose the "week"-th "weekday" is d.
weekOfYear	Return the week number for X.
weekday	eturn integer(s) to represent of the corresponding weekday(s) of X.
wilder	Calculate the Exponential Moving Average (ema) for X in a sliding window of the given length.
window	Apply func over a sliding window of funcArgs.
winsorize	Return a winsorized version of the input array.
winsorize_	Winsorize the input array.
withNullFill	If only 1 of the elements at the same location of x and y is null, replace the null value with fillValue in the calculation.
wj	Window join is a generalization of asof join.
wls	Return the result of an weighted-least-squares regression of Y on X.
wma	Calculate the Weighted Moving Average (wma) for X in a sliding window of the given length.
writeLog	Write a message into the log file.
writeLogLevel	Write logs of the specified level to the log files.
wsum	Return the weighted sum of squares of X and Y.
xdb	Connect to a remote site.
xor	Pair each elements in X and Y to perform the "exclusive or" operation.
year	Return the corresponding year(s).
yearBegin	Return the first day of the year that X belongs to and that starts in the month of startingMonth.
yearEnd	Return the last day of the year that X belongs to and that ends in the month of endingMonth.
zTest	If Y is not specified, conduct a one-sample Z-test on X.
zigzag	zigzag is mainly used to filter values with smaller movements in HL.
zscore	If X is a vector, return the zscore for all elements of X.